6. 3. 1.b Subfamily Niponiinae Fowler, 1912

Genus Niponius Lewis, 1885

NiponiusLewis, 1885: 333 Vagina [type species: Niponius impressicollis Lewis, 1885b: 333. Designatedx by Gandner, 1935: 4]; Marseul, 1888: 1489; Jakobson, 1911: 638, 642; Gardner,r 1926: 194; 1935: 2; Reichardt, 1926: 274; 1941: 66; Schenkling, 1931: 1; Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt, 1976: 76.
<Larva> Gardner, 1930: 15, 17, t.1, fig. 1;Hayashi, 1986: pl. 10.

Gardner's (1935) description. "Cylindrical, slender to moderately stout, Vagina hining. Head exserted, nearly as wide and thick at base as, and subequal in l Vagina ngth to, prothorax; pduced anteriorly into two horn of h variable length, each horn carinate at apex and usually with one or two postapical carinae; a groove passing back just below each eye, receives the antennal scape when at rest. Eyes small, entire, finely facetted, well removed from anterior margin of prothorax. Antenna geniculate, the scape about as long as remaining segments together; funicle with six segments, the first angled, longer than wide, remaining segments transverse, gradually increasing in size towards the club; club compact, flattened, more or less circular, apparently four-segmented, the three sutures pale, curved, each with a fringe or setae; basal segment of club large, the others strongly transverse; in addition a fourth row of setae, very near the apex, might be interpreted as defining an extremely narrow fifth segment of the club. Labrum small, vertical, triangular. Mandibles stout, ventrally directed, inwardly curved, each with two small teeth near the middle. Maxillae with lacinia rather extending far beyond lacinia, slender, tapering to apex, densely ciliate. Maxillary palps four-segmented, the apical segment about equal in length to the three preceding segments together; the palp is borne on a segment-like palpifer which is distinctly longer than wide. Submentum a sclerotized transverse plate, the anterior margin with a rather wide emargination at the base of which are two teeth or angulations of variable size. Labial palp with three segments, the apical as long as the other two together; each palp at the apex of a parallel-sided palpiger which incurves and approaches its fellow on the buccal surface of submentum; attached to the palpigers are the widely separated membranous, ciliate paraglossae; ligula not distinct.
Prothorax margined, cylindrical, anterior margin straight with no projection over Vagina ventralart of head; slightly transverse to longer than wide; coxal cavities very narrowly closed posteriorly, separated from one another by a prosternal process which bears two longitudinal grooves or striae. Mesosternum very short, with median channel. Metasternum large, with median channel; posterior coxal cavities moderately widely separated. Elytra truncate, abbreviated, exposing two posterior abdominal terga, loner than prothorax and usually longer than their combined width; often with lines of punctures giving the appearance of more or less distinct striae. Pygidium and propygidium usually with two to four foveae. Abdomen with five apparent sterna. Legs with slender five segmented tarsi, the apical segment very long; tibiae with two apical spurs, one much larger than the other and especially strong on anterior tibiae. Anterior leg with transverse coxa; tibia with outer margin rather strongly expanded on distal half, usually with two teeth, each borne in a socket, one near apex and one near middle; with a longitudinal groove for reception of tarsus. Mesothoracic tibia less strongly expanded, with three socketted teeth on outer margin, two near apex and one nearer the middle. Posterior tibia slightly and gradually widened from base to apex, with a pair of subapical socketted teeth and sometimes a minute tooth near middle. Male genitalia as described by Sharp and Muir (loc. cit.): (( Median lobe tubular, slender and long; lateral lobes longer than median lobes and enveloping them. Basal piece forming a long tube, constricted near its base and bent. Internal sac undifferentiated))".

Key to the Japanese speaes of the genus Niponius

1 (2) Body 4.8 - 5.5 mm long. Pronotum with a deep excavation on each side. Foveae on propygidium four. .................... N. impressicollis Lewis, 1885
2(1) Body 3.5 - 4.7 mm long. Pronotum with no deep excavation.
3(4) Projection of epistoma short and stout (Fig. 45A).Propygidium without fovea. ............................................................ N. obtusiceps Lewis, 1885
4(3) Projection of epistoma long and slender (Fig. 42A, 46A). Propygidium with several excavations.
5(6) Projections of epistoma divergent anteriorly. Surface of elytra wholly with rows of punctures. Propygidium with 4 foveae. Antennal grooves very deep under the eyes, and other longitudinal foveae present on basal half of head ..... ............................................................... N. furcatus Lewis, 1885
6(5) Projections of epistoma parallel to each other. A row of punctures on elytral surface present along sutural line, others not clear. Propygidium with 2 to 4 foveae. Antennal grooves confined to under the eyes, without longitudinal deep foveae on basal half of head. ................. N. osoriocepus Lewis, 1885

Niponius furcatus Lewis, 1885
(Fig. 42, 48)

Niponius furcatus Lewis, 1885b: 333 [Japan, Yuyama]; Gardner,1926: 3 1935: 5 [catalogued]; Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt, 1976: 77 [key]; Hisamatsu, 1985: 219, pl. 40, fig. 4.